Bonobos as Model for Human Behavior essays

Bonobos as Model for Human Behavior essays The bonobo, or pan paniscus is a very unique, and relatively unknown member of the primate family. They share many of the same physical features and genetic makeup as their relative the chimpanzee, and are so similar that they are commonly known as pygmy chimpanzees. Bonobos however, vary in quite a number of ways from their relative the chimpanzee and these differences will be discussed in detail through this essay as well as how similar our behavior is in many respects as these exceptional creatures. Bonobos are a relatively newfound species with the official discovery coming in 1928 by American anatomist Harold Coolidge. He was studying the skull of what was believed to be a juvenile chimpanzee, however slight but distinct differences in the structure led him to believe that the skull was something other than a chimpanzee, it was a bonobo. This discovery eventually led anatomists, anthropologists, and other researchers to the left bank of the Congo River where the bonobos are native (figure1). The surrounding area is populated by chimpanzees and gorillas, so for the most part bonobos were largely lost in the fray, or mistaken for chimpanzees. It was not until the distinction was made between the two that researchers began to find out the difference between these two intriguing creatures. As stated earlier bonobos are native to the left bank of the Congo River, which is an area that is almost exclusively habituated by these apes, other primates such as monkeys reside there however. The areas east, west, and north are all home to different types of chimpanzees as well as gorillas. The surrounding river provides a sort of moat that keeps the area exclusive to the bonobos. This area is approximately 1000 km east to west and 750 km north to south, which provides almost a little kingdom of bonobos. Within this habitat the bonobos predominantly consume fruits as the major part of their diet. Bonobos also eat foods such as pith, leave...

The nyc history from 1980 to the present in terms Essay

The nyc history from 1980 to the present in terms - Essay Example l strains flooded the city as organized crime became prevalent with the highly-exposed killings of three African Americans in the white residences in New York. Rape, gang bags, and shooting cases soared from the 1980s to the end of the 20th century (Langan and Durose, 17). Also, during the time of Mayor Edward Koch, the â€Å"crack epidemic† – the outpouring of crack cocaine in large US cities – inspired a rapid increase on the crime rates in the city. But, perhaps, the most major crime that took place in New York was the 9/11 attack that killed thousands of lives and called for the revamp of the city’s security force. Many police officers had been laid off by 1980. Hiring freeze was also implemented for the next five years (Citizens Crime Commission, â€Å"History of the Crime Commission†). The concentration of the NYPD dropped from 31,000 officers to 22,000. By the end of 1980s, crimes escalated to the extent that it was almost impossible for the NYPD to control it. By 1990, following the implementation of the â€Å"Broken Windows† and the â€Å"Safe Streets† program that calls for the hiring of more police officers, crimes had dropped tremendously up to the present with its new approach against terrorism, improved juvenile crime and illegal gun crime. New York City has been historically regarded as a main entry point of immigrants to the US. Since the 1980s, following the revitalization of its immigration system, the city experienced a transformed degrees of high immigration. Population has risen up remarkably. By the start of the 1980s, the population of New York City was 7,071,639 (Campbell, â€Å"Population of the 100 largest†; the city’s population as of 2010 is 8,175, 133 (US Census Bureau, â€Å"Annual Estimates†). The reinvigoration of the city’s immigration system has inspired cultural diversity, which contributed a lot to its political and economic success. The city has seen a resurgence of the Wall Street and the city has regained its position

AMERICAN HISTORY TEXTBOOK ANALYSIS AND COMPARISONS Dissertation

AMERICAN HISTORY TEXTBOOK ANALYSIS AND COMPARISONS - Dissertation Example Particular emphasis in the course of the research study shall be based on the perspective of the Southern American dwellers and that of British perspectives regarding the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968). These perspectives shall be taken from textbooks from these two locations namely South United States of America and Britain. The researcher is therefore interested in finding answers to the following specific objectives at the end of the current research study: 1. What were the causes of the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968)? 2. What are the specific events that were recorded during the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968)? 3. Who are the major protagonists who led the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968)? 4. How do the British educational curriculums through its textbooks perceive the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968)? 5. How does the American educational curriculum th rough its textbooks perceive the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968)? 6. What were the eventual results of the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968)? 7. ... This assertion is the general hypothesis underlying the current research, which the researcher is going to compare and contrast ten different textbooks from America and Britain to draw a conclusion on the assertion. Most often than not, the kind of ideas that people from these two setting have of the African American depends on the encounter that they have personally had with them in history. The researcher’s goal for the research will therefore be accomplished if at the end of the day a conclusion is drawn on whether or not Americans and British perceive the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) from the same perception. Significance of the Study There are major academic and practical justifications that back the importance of the current research and why it is worth undertaking. In the first place, the successful conclusion of the present research work is going to be a major tool for the establishment of historical accuracy. This said against the backdrop that different textbooks from different setting such as America and Britain seem to portray the same case from different perspectives. In some cases, such a practice tends to distort and bend some of the facts behind history. With this text analysis research, a line will be drawn between the contrasting facts to establish historical accuracy. Another importance of this research work will be to enhance personality awareness creation. This will be done from the viewpoint where the true identity of the African American will be understood through their history. Indeed, the history of the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) establishes a lot about the identity of the African American population because it brings to bear their dreams and

Subash Chandra Bose Essay Example for Free

Subash Chandra Bose Essay His death was a great loss to the country  . Though Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru have garnered much of the credit for successful culmination of Indian freedom struggle, the contribution of Subash Chandra Bose is no less. He has been denied his rightful place in the annals of Indian history. He founded Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to overthrow British Empire from India and came to acquire legendary status among Indian masses. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was one of those who sacrificed their lives in the freedom movement of India. Subhas Bose was a born leader. People were always ready to risk their lives on his call. He was a fierce and popular leader in the political scene in pre-independence India, so it did not come as shock when he was elected the President of All India Congress in 1938 Subhas was in favor of armed revolution in order to drive out the British.. Bose advocated complete unconditional independence for India. He was acclaimed as a semigod, akin to the many mythological heroes like Rama or Krishna, and continues as a legend in Indian mind. Subhash Chandra Bose was a very able man. He had excellent moral character. He had a grand personality. Any one who met him always admired him. He was a great general. His solders- Hindu, Muslims, Christians and Anglo Indians were simply devoted to him and regarded him ultimate. He was a first class practical statesman of great tact. He had a strong determination. He was a phantom and his name was still a sound when the Indian Armies under his leadership and command invaded Imphal and the eastern boundary of Manipur His Cradle Years! Subhas Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, Orissa, in 1897.. Subhas was highly disciplined from his childhood days and had a burning desire to see India ree. . He studied at  Stewart School, Cuttack, an Anglo school, until the seventh standard and then shifted to  Ravenshaw Collegiate School. After securing the second position in the matriculation examination of Calcutta province in 1911, he got admitted to the  Presidency College  where he studied briefly. [16]  His nationalistic temperament came to light when His intolerant of prejudices against India spurt forth When his English teacher at Presidency College (Calcutta), Mr. Otton, made negative remarks about Indians in his classroom, he protested. He successfully organized a strike, demanding a public apology from the teacher. Consequently, Subhas was expelled but was happy that he stood up for a right cause. R ight from his childhood he was a bright student and was a topper in the matriculation examination from the whole of Calcutta province. He graduated from the Scottish Church College in Calcutta with a First Class degree in Philosophy. Influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda, he was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. After leaving the college, Subhas devoted time in social work. People advised him to go back to the college and complete his studies. With considerable effort he gained admission into the Scottish Church College of Calcutta. To fulfill his parents wishes he went to England in 1919 to compete for Indian Civil Services. In England he appeared for the Indian Civil Service competitive examination in 1920, and came out fourth in order of merit. However, Subhas Chandra Bose was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre, and left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway to return to India in 1921 to dedicate his life for the fight of India’s freedom.

Teaching Intolerance: How Society Enforces Commnunity by Laura Mann :: Teaching Education

Teaching Intolerance: How Society Enforces Community In her essay â€Å"Teaching Intolerance: How Society Enforces Community† Laura Mann reflects on an autobiography by Tommi Avicolli. â€Å"He Defies You Still: The Memoirs of a Sissy† is a stimulating account of the pain he underwent as a young adult. Mann evaluates the societal norm of teasing and mocking one because of actions. While it is shocking and recognizably wrong, it seems ordinary to hear someone being called a â€Å"fag† for dressing a certain way or a â€Å"queer† for acting a certain way. It is much more usual to hear men calling other men names like this, but when it is a woman being ridiculed by women or even other men, it takes on a whole different meaning. For example, someone who was not a close friend but an acquaintance nonetheless went through similar ridicule in high school. She was poked at for being â€Å"too butch† or overly â€Å"manly†. While you hear terms like this fairly often, why does it stir a different react ion from when guys call other guys a â€Å"fag†? She is actual quite normal, but a rumor was started that she was a lesbian. Instead of confronting her about it or ignoring the rumor, people started to talk even more. Mann accurately describes the situation as it went in our small high school, â€Å"†¦how kids would not be his friend because they feared labels† (Mann 65). As opposed to asking this girl, people steered clear because they feared it would â€Å"rub off†. People began to call her â€Å"dyke† and other similar names without thinking twice—but they only did it in private. As major as this story was in our high school, no one dared to say anything too loud for fear it might actually get back to the subject. It seems that with boy, no one cares if the person involved hears. In fact, that is quiet the purpose of mocking him. It is even more acceptable for girls to call guys names. A girl saying that a boy is â€Å"gay† based on his actions is not unusual or questioned by others. There is a double standard for what is allowed and what is not. It is okay for boys to mock other boys or girls to mock boys but it is â€Å"more damaging† and less accepted for girls to bully their own kind. I am not saying it doesn’t happen, but it rarely happens without censorship to the party at hand.

The Beginning of Human Flight

The Wright Brothers were interested in flying since their childhood. Bishop Wright, their father, gave them a toy helicopter when they were young and ever since they have been interested in aviation. The Wright Brothers are famous for their invention of the airplane, or the flying machine as it was called then. The first flight of the plane occurred on December 17, 1903. This was just the turn of the century, yet the Wright Brothers invented something that would last forever. This was in fact the case. This light would spark a race of technology that has taken us from into the air to flying into space. This also launched the aviation and the space age. The airplane is a major role in the world. The plane made traveling overseas easier and quicker. The plane was a useful tool in both of the World Wars. The airplane was a major part of the weapon and attacking strategy for all the countries with this technology. They say the Wright Brothers borrowed ideas of others in order to reach their goal. It doesn’t matter because they accomplished their desire to fly. Today aircraft are truly monsters compared to the Wright Flyer. The invention of the plane changed the world as we know it. It erased miles and brought people closer together, and uniting and diversifying the world as we know it. It went from novel toy for the daring to a tool of destruction. It brings life saving food, medical supplies, and clothing to those in need. It can carry us to any point on the globe and bring us back. The Wright Brothers had a dream and the made it happen. No matter how many times they were told no it wouldn’t work, they kept going and climbing to be he best and to fly. The research on the Wright Brothers was conducted mostly at Joyner Library. Also some of the information was obtained from the Internet. Joyner Library had most all the information on the Wright Brothers there is. Newspaper from the 1903 on microfilm were read to see the first hand accounts from that time. Books were read to get the second hand accounts. The picture from the Internet were very important on creating the exhibit. The exhibit was created by showing the things that evolved and the changes that occurred by the invention of the plane.

Stereotype A Thought By Beverly Daniel Tatum - 911 Words

Stereotype a Thought Today, many believe that stereotypes have been eradicated throughout our modern world, this is far from the truth. Beverly Daniel Tatum, an author of several books including â€Å"Why Are Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria† asks, â€Å"How did academic achievement become defined as exclusively white behavior?† Tatum has an interesting point, however stereotyping is not just about race it can be about gender bias, or body issues too. Ann DuCille, author of â€Å"From Multicultural Barbie and the Merchandising of Difference† says; â€Å"Barbie s body is a consumer object itself a vehicle for display of clothing and spectacular trappings of a wealthy teenage fantasy life†. Ducille gives a good example of body politics, and the importance of not only focusing on race. Thus, is a good example of how stereotypes are learned by how one is treated in school or at home. Education about racial identity, gender equality, and body shamin g, to an extent, will help eliminate some forms of stereotyping and create a more understanding and equal society. Therefore schools are not the problem, stereotypes, however racist, sexist, or just plain mean, are learned at home and in schools from peers, parents and teachers alike. In a way, stereotypes will never truly be eliminated from our world because from the day we are born we notice differences. One may argue that it is just a distinction between people, which constitutes stereotyping. JustShow MoreRelatedThe Color Of My Skin1656 Words   |  7 Pagesup, all eyes were on me, hoping I won’t feel offended. I had to leave. I was yearning to be around my peers, people who fall under my ethnicity. But I also was in need of diversity, where everyone is separate but yet can be one. According to Beverly D. Tatum, author of Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? And Other Conversations About Race, connecting with one’s racial/ethnic peer group s has a few disadvantages during the adolescence years, there can be miscommunication,Read MoreBeverly Daniel Tatum Ph.D. Is An Expert On Race Relations1258 Words   |  6 PagesBeverly Daniel Tatum PH.D. is an expert on race relations and the development of racial identity. Tatum guides her readers through racial identity and major ideas and concepts regarding race. Throughout the book readers will better understand the racial dynamic of their everyday lives, along with suggestive actions toward a more equitable world for all. The following paragraph gives a summary of the book, breaking it down into the IV parts containing ten chapters. Part I A Definition of Terms:Read MoreAnalyzing Race and Colorblindness in Academics1599 Words   |  7 Pagesdialogue and accurate societal representation. 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Although my identities create sharedRead MoreRacism Is An Institutionalized System Of The United States Essay2013 Words   |  9 Pagesreport to the magistrate or mayor, who was the normal, healthy individual in the system, about what was happening around them) helped to lay the foundation of racist minds in the Americas (Foucault, 195-198). Another step in establishing racist thought was the apparent shift in methods of punishment that occurred from the 18th to 20th centuries. Punishment shifted in this time from physical to psychological consequences. In Foucault’s Discipline Punishment, he explains a grotesque scene of punishmentRead MoreGrowing Up As A Latino Child1678 Words   |  7 Pagesnever realized the segregation within my community in the city of Baldwin Park. I attended public schools with students that came from the same background and struggles as my own. 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I now understand that it is my duty to be able to acknowledge my race and other identities and the privileges that come withRead MoreRacism in the Twenty-First Century888 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve that racism in America no longer exists since we now have a Black president. However, This could not be anything further from the truth. When many people think of racism, they think of blunt discriminatory actions made against people of color. Thoughts of segregation and the Ku Klux Klan probably come to mind when people envision what racism may look like. Since many of this is now considered illegal or less evident in today’s society, many people may believe that racism is no longer a major issueRead MoreEssay about Multiculturalism in America3204 Words   |  13 Pagesconsistent reinforcement of cultural stereotypes in the advertising industry and the misrepresentation of multiculturalism in intellectual media print journalism have prevented a successful development of a multiculturalist’s mentality despite legislative efforts to create one. Although it is difficult to find the source of mental stagnation like that which the United States is currently experiencing, in this case it can clearly be attributed to a lack to progressive thought on the part of the advertisingRead MoreRacial Profiling And Racial Stereotyping Essay1959 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstood. Author Beverly Daniel Tatum suggests in the short essay â€Å"Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? that there’s something deeper than what’s depicted in your typical school cafeteria setting. Yes, kids have their groups of friends, but often time it is noticeable that most of the African Americans in the school sit and each lunch together. The blacks tend to sit together because of cultural similarities and comfort with one another knowing that stereotypes and racial profiling