The Ethical Implications Of Doctor Prescribing - 832 Words

The process of identification involves the awareness that a decision needs to be made but also the recognition of the ethical implications of that decision (Manias 2013). The central ethical issue surrounds the doctor prescribing her medication for something other than its purpose. There is a moral and ethical reason for the patient to take the medication as prescribed. It is a matter of trust between the patient and doctor. According to Web-MD, Off-label means the medication is being used in a manner not specified in the FDA s approved packaging label, or insert. Every prescription drug marketed in the U.S. carries an individual, FDA-approved label. This label is a written report that provides detailed instructions regarding the†¦show more content†¦The common prototype for this objection is taking drugs to perform well on test. Taking drugs such as Ritalin, Adderall, Provigil and other drugs designed to keep them awake and focused provides the dishonest student with the ad vantage over his or her peers. Such an unfair advantage is a clear ethical issue. Merriam-Webster’s dictionary defines cheating as â€Å"to use dishonest methods to achieve a goal†. Ethical decisions are informed decisions; critical thinking about human problems requires knowledge (Manias 2013). Prescription medication is so controlling that a doctor must determine if it is in the best interest of the patient to take the medication. There are side effects and possible harmful effects with every prescription that is written. Legally, patients are not permitted to sell or share prescription medications with others. This matter is much more than just a legal implication. Morally and ethically, patients should beware that even though it may be well intentioned, they should at no time share or sell prescription medication. What is useful for one could possibly be fatal to another. Stakeholders Taking medication for the reason other than labeled Ways to cope with stressful situations Consequences Sara Addiction/codependent on medication to complete future assignments Focus, Go over any material from practice tests, Budget your time, Eat before a test, make sure you have sufficient time

A research paper on cocaine, and its effects on the user.

Grown in the countries of South America, with Columbia being the most productive, the Erythroxylon Coca bush is the natural origin of cocaine, a central nervous stimulant. Its history is as rich and diverse as the people using and dealing the drug. Cocaine use dates as far back as the 16th century when it was used among Inca royalty. In the early 1800s cocaine was introduced to Europe. Sigmond Freud wrote a song in its honor and famous author Robert Louis Stevenson wrote The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde during a six -day cocaine binge. In the early 1900s cocaine was available to consumers over the counter. Its medicinal value was a relief for toothaches and congestion. Parke Davis advised their consumers of the effects of†¦show more content†¦Irritability, restlessness, insomnia and paranoia replace the euphoria. Physically, the long- term user will lose interest in sex and lose weight. Those who snort the drug wear out their nasal septum while those who inject it risk the chance of contracting hepatitis or AIDS. Cocaine related deaths are often a result of cardiac arrest or seizures followed by respiratory arrest. Over time, to the users tolerance, the drug will build. To achieve the same effects as that of early usage requires larger doses of the drug. The user becomes psychologically dependent. The drug becomes pivotal to their thoughts, feelings and their daily activities. Cocaine just made you feel really good. Then after you get done feeling really good then you start to get a Superman ego and thats the beginning of the end. (Drug Wars; A Frontline, PBS Production) Often times, cocaine addicts develop an illicit lifestyle to keep up with their drug habit. Cocaines influence leads a user to stealing from family, friends and even employers. The lifestyle of addicts becomes as corrupt as the organizations that produce and supply the product. Cocaines addiction has two sides: the love of the high and the love of the money. The US Government has estimated that cocaine trafficking takes nearly $80 billion a year out of our economy. In 1990, the DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency) estimated about 20 Colombian organizations controlled most of Americas cocaine supply. AnnualShow MoreRelatedDrugs And Its Effects On Society1413 Words   |  6 Pagesthat we know them to be today, but people have been creative and have used what has been made available to them to use drugs, whether they knew it or not. Most of these early drug-users either used out of tradition and a ritualistic culture or because there was a need for some type of healing. The drug and stimulant, cocaine, is extracted from the coca plant. This plant is native to South America and has been used for thousands of years. It was first used out of both tradition and for healing. AncientRead MoreThe Mechanisms of Cocaine Tolerance1300 Words   |  5 PagesCocaine tolerance i s achieved when a larger amount of the drug is needed to reach the same intoxication or â€Å"high† previously reached by smaller amounts of the drug. This tolerance is often developed in organisms after an extensive history of exposure to cocaine. Cocaine can also have sensitization effects in organisms, which can also be described as â€Å"reverse tolerance†. The mechanisms responsible for the development of either sensitization or tolerance to cocaine are currently intertwined, and researchersRead MoreThe Drug Cocaine As My Research Topic1671 Words   |  7 PagesFor my research paper I chose the drug Cocaine as my research topic. Cocaine delivers an intensity of pleasure - and despair - beyond the bounds of normal human experience. Probably very few people aspire to be drug addicts. But it happens, every day. Why? What is so good about a drug that can potentially destroy a person s body? How does it work? What are its effects on the brain? Why is it so hard to qui t? Cocaine (C17H21NO4) comes from the leaf of an Erythroxylon coca bush. It is a drug thatRead MoreCocaine And Its Effects On Society1548 Words   |  7 PagesCocaine is one of the oldest, most powerful and most dangerous stimulants in the world. This powerfully addictive drug effects over 35 million people In the United States. Cocaine addiction prevents a person from being a productive member in our society. It also increases the cost for law enforcement and treatment facilities. It rapidly decreases the workplace, increases the homeless rate and needless deaths on a daily basis. â€Æ' Over three thousand years before the Jesus Christ wasRead MoreDomestic Violence And Substance Abuse Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pagesfind out if different drugs produce different outcomes, statistically speaking. I know that different drugs have different effects on the individual’s mental health, so I wanted to expand on that and find out the influence of different drugs on domestic violence. Honestly, I learned a lot by doing research on domestic violence and substance abuse. It has been proven by research that domestic violence perpetration is linked to drug and alcohol abuse. Men and women can either be victims or perpetratorsRead MoreThe Death Of The United States Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pageslegally buy it from every local convenience store. This research paper will show that marijuana is dangerous to this nation’s youth, a gateway drug to hardcore drug use, and laws that will help to protect the future generations will be discarded like the laws of the past. These are the reasons that I will dispute because marijuana, the third poison, should never be legalized for recreational use. There are a wide variety of adverse effects that marijuana has on the human body. With marijuana stillRead MoreCocaine In The Early 20th Century Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesDeion Alexander 08/28/2016 Research Paper Cocaine Hydrochloride in the early 20th century was used in many ways. Some may say that small doses were added to the drink Coca Cola, that’s where the name come from. I feel as if this is true because Coca Cola is slightly addictive. The original formula of coca cola did have 25mg of cocaine per 100ml of drink. That formula was used as a stimulant for headaches. Cocaine Hydrochloride was an ingredient in patent medicines, tonics, elixirs, and fluid extractsRead MoreDrug Abuse On The Workplace Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Abuse in the Workplace: The human resource topic I chose to write my research paper on is â€Å"Drug Abuse in the Workplace†. Drug abuse in the workplace is something very common that many of us will encounter at some point. Alcohol and drug abuse has a major effect on employee absence and lost productively that leaves a negative working environment. It is important a company addresses the right guidelines to keep a drug free workplace. Establishing a clear and fair substanceRead MoreIllicit Drug Trafficking : An Organized Crime1481 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper was to gather research of the topic called illicit drug trafficking. It explores 10 online research articles and websites that relate to illicit drug trafficking. These articles however, vary in their research about the topic. It begins by stating how illicit drug trafficking is considered an organized crime. Two of the main drugs that are trafficked are cocaine and heroin. As a result of drug trafficking, the war on dru gs has been a problem for many decades in differentRead MoreDrug Addiction And Drug Abuse1401 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior in users. Illegal Drugs: There are many illegal drugs that are being abused by our society today. Drugs such as marijuana, methadone, and the abuse of prescription medications are on the rise. It is important for everyone to raise their level of awareness in order to reduce the risk of drug abuse or to help someone they care for who is already suffering from drug abuse or addiction. Illegal drugs come in different shapes, sizes, and types. Each particular drug produces unique effects on the

Systematic Review and Future Research †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Systematic Review and Future Research. Answer: Introduction Rise in the Global expansion as well as higher levels of competitions in the various industries have gave birth to various liabilities to prove ones value in the society or the market. To top the competition individuals have let go of the morality that once prevailed amongst the individuals (Frederickson and Rohr 2015). This essay deals with the issues that are mostly revolved around the public sectors and the private sectors including the issues related to the ethics, the strategic management, the methods of evaluation of the prospects of the private sectors and the policies that are being incorporated The purpose of this essay is to understand the implications and the evaluations of the various aspects of management related to the public sector in comparison to the private sector. Ethics has become more critical in the public administration system in the latest years. The rising issues of corruption, fraudulent activities, bribery, misuse of the authority and power within the governance has led to the breach of trust amongst the public (Frederickson and Ghere 2013). Ethical behaviour and decisions are taken to maintain citizens trust as well as ensure effective and efficient utilization of resources thus allow government to preserve an individuals rights along with assisting others in need. Ethics is one of the imperative components that allow a democratic system to thrive in a country. Ethics in the public organization is crucial to realize the security of the democracy. In a democratic system, the government have a commitment towards the citizens, to treat everyone equally and provide the maximum service to most of citizens (Van Dooren, Bouckaert and Halligan 2015). The efficient functioning of democratic government obliges that the public sector employees should be autonomous, unbiased and dependable towards the people. Government policies should be prepared within the appropriate configuration of government, enforce that the public offices should not be used for any kind of personal achievement, and ensure that the public have confidence in the integrity of its government. The ethical misconduct and outrage in government pose a threat to the democratic ideologies in the rules of administration, equity and individual rights. Fraud, bribery and other misuses within th e government takes the power from people and gives it to a few who are in position of control that ultimately distorts the notion of the equality of all participants of the public life. Since public service is a public belief, citizens anticipate that the public servants according to the public interest with even-handedness and manage the public resources fairly. Ethical and steadfast services motivate trust and create a positive environment for businesses, thus contributing to economic growth (Preston and Sampford 2012). With reference to a country, Hong Kong is one the countries with good ethical practises in terms of administration. The Hong Kong administration is no exemption. The quality of the Hong Kong civil service well known and the civil servants are internationally recognized as among the least corrupt and the least intrusive. However, the government has faced ethical confrontations in the recent years. In order to preserve the integrity and professionalism of civil service, the government has established the theory of serving the community as well as being liable when it reforms the civil service and has been in effort to improve the ethics management in its governance. In most nations in the present day, there is a higher expectation from an ordinary citizen towards the Governments, that it would establish and distribute privileged standards of ethicality and integrity in the civil service and the Government itself. In order to achieve such certain regulations are being followed to ensure the maintenance of the ethicality in the public sector. With these propositions in the mindset initiatives have been taken to implement effective civil ethics, codes of conduct, integrity coordination, anti corruption measures and transparency measures. Effective practise have led to better improvements in the ethical environment of the public sectors. Disciplinary actions for justifying any action, effective laws to protect the public interest disclosure, ethical audits to measure and maintain integrity risks along with better human resource management strategies to promote merit based promotions and anti discrimination in the public sectors. Despite severe efforts to implement the ethical practices amongst the public service employees the ethical practices faces it major weakness in terms of practise and implementation. Ethical practises or conduct are set of rules that are only incorporated from within the conscience of the organization and the individuals working for these organizations. The principle weakness or challenges it the lack of comprehension for following the ethics while involved in public service. The conscience makes the effort to help the individual understand the value of ethics as ethics cannot be taught but it can be understood. Lack of strict regulations to control the unethical practices or actions encourages individuals to continue the use of unethical practises for individual purpose and need for the personal gain. Negative influence plays a major role in terms of the ethical practises as observing others or superiors engrossed in unethical activities encourages the others to follow the same witho ut thinking or rationalizing the consequences of those actions. With reference to the speech delivered in 2005. In a forum of public servants by the former Minister for planning and National Development in the Republic of Kenya, Professor Peter Anyang Nyongo, the secret to generating revenue is only possible if the belief is not just limited to the perception or the words but the actual implementation of these beliefs into the actions. This is not possible in a days time but with gradual practise and incorporation the development would certainly prevail one day. Strategic management has become the standardized tool for the shaping of the organization and the creating the value for the same. The use of strategic triangle and the three management dimensions acts as a guiding instrument for the management and the personnel. The three management dimensions in the strategic management are Political, Cooperation and Operations (Hill and Varone 2016). The political factor reflects the need and demand for the political support and is an obvious principle of the public sector. The cooperation takes the new management hypothesis of the governance into consideration, as the cooperation and the networking of the social performer have gained increased significance. The operational element takes the efficiency and the effectiveness into consideration (Vedung 2017). To implement and improvise the strategies and create a value for the society, the ends of the triangle should be managed with precision and dedication. Even if the strategic model in not known to any subject, these management strategies can be always be related and would remain relevant in terms of managing the strategies in the public sectors. These management strategies are interdependent with each other and proper influence and compelling of the ministry to extend the authorization can help an organization enter improvised forms of cooperation and modify the operations, whe re new cooperation can mean the modification of the operations and influencing of the political level (Branch, Hanushek and Rivkin 2012). As per the concept new operations would attract stronger form of alliance that would ultimately help in the faster development progress. As per the cited concern, the evaluation of the public organizations is more difficult than that of the private organizations. The main reason than be held responsible is the differences between the public and the private organizations. The main reason that can be justified for the concern is the size, value and the complexity of the public organizations makes it more complicated than the private organizations. The fewer measures to track the progress of the success and failure is less due to the constant changing reforms of the different governments. The civil service norms and regulations seldom encourage the individuals in terms of outstanding or poor performance. There is very little risk of personal gain in the government due to the serious implementations of certain policies or programs. The principle key of the driving the public organizations is completely dependent on legislative driven monopolies. The manager in the government often knows about the need for certain changes and management in the government but can hardly implement it due to the restrictions that are faced by the legal restrictions, regulations and the government policies, that might have been probably made earlier for other circumstances. The authority and the responsibility of the government tend to be asymmetrical and instead of well balance that results in most of the difficulty in the evaluation proceedings. The goals and the objectives of the government are pretty often divergent and distractive in nature that can often lead to misunderstandings and confusions. These are the factors that are responsible to understand the difficulty in the evaluation of the public organizations in comparison to the private organizations as well as these are the factors that the employees in the public organizations should take into consideration while operation within the organization (Drennan, McConnell and Stark 2014). This is significant for understanding since the public organizations have been formed and acts for the benefit of the public and the citizens. Reconstruction in the strategic formulations is utterly necessary to convey about the clear functionalities and objectives of the government instead of creating deception, confusion and mistrust between the organization and its publics (De Vries, Bekkers and Tummers 2016). Policy analysis is a method that has been implemented in the purpose of public administration and facilitates the employees to scrutinize and evaluate the possible opportunities to implement the objectives of these goals (Dunn 2015). It can be determined the methodology of determining the different policies that would be influential and crucial in achieving a predetermined set of objectives. The process of policy analysis can be categorized into two different actions. The first action involves the analysis of the existing policies those are descriptive and analytical. The second action is the analysis of the new policies that are prescriptive and involve the formulation of the policies (Kraft and Furlong 2012). On addition the different stages of the rational model of the policy analysis is the identification of the problem, agenda setting, formulation of the policy proposal through diverse parties, the selection or the adoption of the legal enactment of the chosen policy and the eva luation of the policy (John 2013). With reference to the normative and the descriptive models in terms of decision-making, the normative models or the prescriptive theory it is mainly concerned with the point of considering the best decision that can be taken concentrating on the ideal decision maker who would be able to take the decision rationally. On the other hand, the descriptive theory or the positive theory is mostly concerned with the observation of the decision makers, if they take any decision or act under certain influence during the session of decision-making. The theories of the decision-making have been explained with the help of a policy as cited in the assignment. Considering the policy of Principle of Ethical Conduct, this policy enforces of the public organization employees about how they should act and how they can act based on the ethical values (Normative and Prescriptive model theory). Based on the actions that the employees take or have taken that breaches the ethical values, the decisions are t aken into consideration using the Descriptive theory. As per the requirement, the normative model does serve the purpose of a descriptive model, as these theories are instrumental and crucial in determining the necessity of the formulating new and older policies as well as influencing the decision making process (Laegreid and Christensen 2013). Conclusion With the help of this essay, it can be concluded that ethics is indeed one of the important values that are necessary to be installed within the public sector organisations and the employees working for it. The necessity lies in the relationship and dependency of the public with the government. The formula of generating revenue by a nation or the government is to transform and manipulate the strategies in the governance that involves the political, cooperation and the operational factors. The evaluation of the public sectors are difficult and complicated than the private organization due to the huge differences in the operations and the categorization that involves the strict boundaries from the different legal regulations. The significance of the evaluation is necessary since the public organizations have been formed and acts for the benefit of the public and the citizens and it is important to be clear about the regulations and actions to prevent confusion and mistrust. The method of policy analysis and the policy model does serve the purpose of a descriptive model as these steps are instrumental and crucial in the determination of the necessity and validation of the formulation of new and older policies. References Frederickson, H.G. and Rohr, J.A., 2015.Ethics and public administration. Routledge. Frederickson, H.G. and Ghere, R.K., 2013.Ethics in public management. ME Sharpe. Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G. and Halligan, J., 2015.Performance management in the public sector. Routledge. Preston, N. and Sampford, C. eds., 2012.Public sector ethics: finding and implementing values. Routledge. Dunn, W.N., 2015.Public policy analysis. Routledge. Branch, G.F., Hanushek, E.A. and Rivkin, S.G., 2012.Estimating the effect of leaders on public sector productivity: The case of school principals(No. w17803). National Bureau of Economic Research. Kraft, M.E. and Furlong, S.R., 2012.Public policy: Politics, analysis, and alternatives. Sage. Bardach, E. and Patashnik, E.M., 2015.A practical guide for policy analysis: The eightfold path to more effective problem solving. CQ press. John, P., 2013.Analyzing public policy. Routledge. De Vries, H., Bekkers, V. and Tummers, L., 2016. Innovation in the public sector: A systematic review and future research agenda.Public Administration,94(1), pp.146-166. Vedung, E., 2017.Public policy and program evaluation. Routledge. Hill, M. and Varone, F., 2016.The public policy process. Taylor Francis. Laegreid, P. and Christensen, T. eds., 2013.Transcending new public management: the transformation of public sector reforms. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Drennan, L.T., McConnell, A. and Stark, A., 2014.Risk and crisis management in the public sector. Routledge.

Who I Admire - And Why free essay sample

Who I Admire and Whyby Giacoma V., Milford, CT Gooooaaaaaal! The crowd is on its feet and cheers echo through the air. All eyes are on the 61 forward being congratulated and embraced by fellow teammates. The whistle blows and the game is won, thanks to him. He stands tall and proud, knowing he possesses a skill well beyond his years. On another field, at another time, the crowd is silent, all eyes on the goalkeeper. His team is up by one. The next goal could tie the game, and send this quarter-final match into overtime. The opposing team is anxious, ready to take the penalty kick; the keeper remains emotionless. The shot is fired, but his reactions are too quick and the keeper smothers the rocket shot. The game ends, and his team is on its way to the state semi-finals.No, they are not superstars, but theyre not regular players either. We will write a custom essay sample on Who I Admire And Why or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Both athletes are in a class by themselves because of their immense talent in the sport of soccer. They teach, amaze, inspire and excel. Together, they have filled me with the deepest admiration. They are Pierre and Jean-Nicole Venditti, my older brothers.I wouldnt be able to pick one I admire more because both have taught me to put a hundred percent into everything I do. Everything they have learned through soccer not just the drills, or the plays, but also the determination and the passion you need to perform well has made me realize that whatever you do in life that is important, should be done with the same determination and passion.Maybe its the many trophies and awards they have won that I admire. Team MVP, All-City, All-State, All-Regional, All-American, Gatorade Soccer Player of the Year these are titles familiar to my brothers. Front page of the sports section, captains of their team, first-place trophies and plaques, breaking school records these are all things my brothers know best. But to be honest, the times they have inspired me the most are when their many awards and trophies were not in view.The game is tied. The other teams defenders are guarding that 61 forward heavily. He manages to break free and score an unbelievable goal. However, the game is not over and he shows no signs of relaxing. Suddenly, a player is down in the box: Its the boy who just scored the tie-breaking goal! The crowd is silent; things dont look good. He has to be helped off the field, but before he goes, he shakes the hand of the opposing team player who went down with him. There is a standing ovation as he is led reluctantly to the bench.On another field, at another time, a different game is half over. Both teams are pushing to score with no luck. At halftime, the coach pleads with his star goalkeeper to give up his position. We dont have anyone in the front to score. The only reason the other team hasnt scored yet is because of you. Please switch to forward and see what you can do out there. The boy removes his lucky keeper jersey. On the field, he sticks out because of his unfamiliarity with the position. But the plan works. The keepers skill carries with him and he scores a tremendous shot from far out.When they are on the field, they carry themselves with an abundance of pride, strength, honor and confidence that is what I see, admire and aspire to be.