Heart Of Darkness And Maslow Essays - Congo Free State,

Heart Of Darkness And Maslow Heart of Darkness - Marlow's Lies A lie is an untruth. It can be a false statement or a statement left unsaid which causes someone to be misled. In life lies are told for many different reasons. In fiction they thicken the plot. In Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Marlow dislikes lies and therefore only tells two, both in extraordinary circumstances, and the lies show the following about Marlow: even though he has been touched by evil, he is still a good man himself; that he never actually tells a lie, he lets others continue to believe what they already believe; and that this helps him justify the lies. Marlow, in the middle of his story, interupts himself to say "You know I hate, detest, and can't bear a lie." He does not think he is better than the rest of the world. Lies simply appal him. Marlow feels there is a "taint of death, and a flavor of mortality in lies." Lying makes him feel "miserable and sick, like biting something rotten would do." Since he feels this way, he would only tell a lie in extraordinary circumstances. The first lie was told by Marlow in extraordinary circumstances. It was told because he had a notion it would somehow be of help to Mr. Kurtz. The lie was to allow the brick maker to think he had more influence in the company than he actually had. This lie would help Kurtz in two ways. Firstly it would help Marlow to get the rivets he needed to fix the boat, and that would provide Kurtz with a means of communication, or a way out of the jungle. Secondly it would provide Kurtz with an ally who was perceived as influential. Marlow knew that others were jealous of the success of Mr. Kurtz. Some saw him as the next "Director of the Company," and some were trying to find a reason to hang him. If Marlow was considered powerful, he might be able to help Mr. Kurtz. This is an extraordinary reason for telling a lie. The second lie was also told in extraordinary circumstances. It is told to "the intended" so that the image of her dead fiance would not be destroyed. She has waited at least two years for her lover to return from Africa, and now he is dead. During this time she has built his image up in her mind. To her Kurtz is a man to be admired. She feels it would be "impossible not to love him." She was proud to have been engaged to Kurtz, and would be shocked to learn of the things he had done. Marlow had to decide if he should tell her the truth about Kurtz and cause her even greater grief, or let her go on believing that he was a good man. This is an extraordinary circumstance, and thus one in which Marlow could tell a lie. The significance of this lie is that it would serve no purpose to tell the truth, so Marlow does not. Kurtz is dead and to tell the truth would only hurt an innocent woman. She had no idea that her fiance had an evil heart. She thought that he was loved and admired by everyone who knew him. If she learned of the things he had done, it would destroy her. Marlow showed his good side by not telling her the truth about Kurtz. This is a suitable ending to the work because it means that even though Marlow has met a man with a "Heart of Darkness," and that even after facing his own darkness, he has come out of the jungle unchanged, for the most part. He is still a good human being with feelings and a sense of right and wrong. Marlow never actually vocalized a lie. He simply allowed others to continue to believe an untruth. First the brick maker thought Marlow was more influential than he actually was, and Marlow allowed him to continue to believe that. Secondly the intended thought her fiance was a good man, and Marlow allowed her to continue to believe that. Since he never actually vocalized a lie, he was better able to justify them to himself. Marlow dislikes lies, and only tells them in extraordinary circumstances. When he does lie, it is for the sake of others, not himself. This shows that he is a kind human being. It is unfortunate that all lies are not told with such

Tarantulas

Tarantulas Free Online Research Papers Tarantulas. Large, hairy, gross and scary are all word that have been used to describe them. Most people think that they are menacing and quick to attack. But truly, unless you are a bug, small rodent or small bird, they are relaxed and non-aggressive arachnids. One of the tarantulas many, and most useful adaptations is that they are nocturnal. This allows them to hunt at night, while other animals, such as rodents, small birds, and other prey, are sleeping. A complementary adaptation to this is their eight padded feet, for easier stalking and sneaking. These pads make their slow steps even more silent, allowing it to get closer to a delicious meal, such as a mouse or vole. Then, when it is close enough it will leap, one to two feet in the air, on top of their unsuspecting prey. They will deploy their retractable claws, to hold onto it, and sink its razor sharp fangs into the prey. The fangs will then pump out venom that liquefies the prey’s organs and insides. As you can see, all these aspects work together to help the tarantula to get its prey. But what if the tarantula is the prey? Surprisingly, this happens quite often, especially with the tarantula hawk. The tarantula hawk is a wasp like bug that stings tarantulas. This sting kills the tarantula, which the tarantula hawk lays its eggs on. However, the tarantula doses not just accept this â€Å"sting of death.† It still has tricks up its hairy arms. First, those 8 padded feet can do more than just stalk around. A full grown tarantula can burst up to ten miles per hour. If a predator does catch this speedy spider, the tarantula can fire his sharp back hairs at the predator, making him terribly itchy. If the tarantula can make it back to his borrow, sometimes two feet deep in the ground. Here, it can either hide from his attacker, or if the predator is stupid enough to follow him down into the nest, fight him in the very dark nest. The tarantula has extremely good vision at close range, and will probably kill his enemy. Not only can this super spider hunt, but he can defend himself, jump, run, even borrow down in the ground. They have probably formed such a bad reputation because of their size. Some tarantulas can be as big as a dinner plate! But really, tarantulas will not hurt you if you keep your distance, and don’t agitate this super arachnid. Research Papers on TarantulasThe Hockey GameHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Spring and AutumnThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsMind TravelThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Australian Health Care System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Australian Health Care System - Essay Example Proper health care is essential because one can never be sure of the physical and psychological trauma the immigrant or refugee has endured. Compounding the problem is the language problem in case the immigrant is unable to converse in English. There is the need to engage doctors, nurses and other health service workers who understand the immigrants' languages. Australia is a multicultural society. The land is open to receive skilled workers. There is also a blossoming tourist industry. People emigrating from as far as Sudan also reach Australia to make life for themselves. It is necessary to provide primary health care for recently arrived immigrant groups. Many of these people come from countries that have different models of health care compared to Australia. For some, the concept of private insurance or universal insurance is difficult to understand. These clients of local community centre may not have private health insurance and need to access public health services. It is important to bear in mind that many of these people are highly skilled in their sphere of work. They are capable of integrating with the rest of the population in Australia and making a good life for themselves once their health issues are addressed. We are concerned with health issues of immigrants and refugees who are vulnerable to poor health and have ... There is the issue of culture shock these immigrants may undergo. Addressing their health care will also ensure that they settle down quickly to their new way of life in Australia. Primary Health Care We are concerned with health issues of immigrants and refugees who are vulnerable to poor health and have different and complex health backgrounds as compared to the broader Australian community. Some of them come from very difficult situations and it is unsure if they are getting their health needs met post-immigration in Australia. Basic health issues such as vaccination coverage that health care providers might take for granted as having been attended are known to be major areas of deficiency in refugee populations. There are other factors that contribute to difficulties with accessing appropriate and comprehensive care. These include difficulties with language and literacy, lack of familiarity with health care system, lack of awareness of refugee health issues as well as the fragmented nature of current health care delivery for refugee population. These immigrants need to be vaccinated appropriately and it is not known if they are getting it. It is also not known if they are getting adequate and comprehensive health care. More research is needed to track them down and find out if they are diligently seeking and receiving the health care necessary in the initial stages of their stay in Australia. If they are not receiving the needed health care, it is necessary to find out the reasons why they are not receiving it. Normally, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travelers over one year of age within six days of having stayed in Australia. The purpose of these measures is to

APPLIED RESEARCH METHODS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

APPLIED RESEARCH METHODS - Essay Example The proponent will discuss concisely the research aims and objectives. Next to this, the proponent will show related and significant literature that may add up insight to the subject of the research. Then next to this will be the discussion of research methodology. It is through this that the proponent will detail the needed structure in order to work out the research and obtain substantial information. The other important part will be data analysis. It is through this that the proponent will analyse the data gathered in order to come up with important information as the main contribution of the entire research. Finally, ethical issues would also be included in the research. This is to ensure that the entire research process is conducted with strong emphasis on ethical considerations so as to come up with Research Aims and Objectives In this section, the proponent will discuss in general what the research is all about. Thus, the proponent will present the general aim of the research and that this research is in line with the investigation on how the channels of communication with employees might be improved in a multi national organisation. Next to this, the proponent will discuss a little background about the importance of communication in an organisation that especially deals with manpower. This will give substantial idea on the proposed objectives of the study. The following discussion is considered the background of the study that will serve as opening thoughts as far as the introduction of objectives is concerned. Communication is important because it is through this that an organisation will succeed in dealing with employees and all other aspects in the operation. Communication is one of the most important applications in the operation because it is having this that every detail in the operation will substantially be implemented. For instance, if the vision is not clear among employees, then the company will end up being hopeless in achieving its objectiv es may it be in the short-term or long-term run. In fact, communication both in its verbal and non-verbal forms is important in the operation on a daily basis because there is a real need to do so in order to interact with employees, customers and everyone in an organisation. Thus, it is important that the most effective and efficient channels of communication should be chosen especially in a multi-national companies. The only possible way to effectively improve the channels of communication that are integrated in the multinational company is to evaluate it in the first place. Such evaluation should be essentially done among the users. Thus, it is important that this study must emphasise that one of the best options is to conduct evaluation on the current channels of communication used in a multinational company. Thus, the following objectives should be included in the research process. 1. To choose a multinational company where channels of communication will be evaluated. 2. To eva luate the channels of communication in that certain organisation based on the employees feedback. 3. To evaluate the channels of communication based on their accuracy and efficiency. 4. To present a detailed conclusion and recommendation on how the channels of communication in a certain organisation might be improved. The above objectives imply that the general objective for this research is to actually choose an organisation to be

Corporate Valuation, Capital Structure and Dividend policy Essay

Corporate Valuation, Capital Structure and Dividend policy - Essay Example News Corporation is one of the top television groups in the world. Its business includes the best broadcasting company of United States called Fox Broadcasting Company. News Corporation’s cable network programming segment produces and issues licenses for programming to be broadcast on satellite. In addition to this News Corporation is one of the best motion picture producers. Fox Filmed Entertainment is considered to be the market leader in the movie production and distribution (News Corporation, 2013). In this report, some of the strategic decisions made by the companies in the year 2012 and 2011, have been considered and their impact on profitability. Capital structure has also been discussed in detail as well as dividend policy (1)Business Decisions News Corporation In June 2012, the board of director of the New Corporation decided to operate with two specializes segments. One of the segments will focus on news, publishing and education and the other segment will focus on t he media and entertainment. The company believes that they will be able to achieve the expected rate of growth with the application of this change. Return on assets measures which the profit in terms of total assets used by the business (Berman & Joe, 2008), for the quarter ended March 2012 was only 1.49% because the total profit was only $937 million and the total assets were $62,745 million. The profit was continuously declining and the company sustained loss of $1,553 million in the quarter ended June 2012. After this decision the profitability in both the quarter ended was improved. News Corporation enabled itself to achieve 3.56% returns on assets in the September quarter and this return further improved a bit in the last quarter and it reached to 3.79%. Market capitalization can be calculates by multiplying the number of outstanding share with the share price on a particular day (Francesco, 2007). The total number of outstanding shares is 1,584.5 million. Share price were incr eased from $19.71 per share to $25.51 per share in December 2012 which resulted in increased market capitalization. Market capitalization in March 2012 was $31,230.5 (1,584.5 million shares*$19.71) million as compare to the market capitalization of the $40,420 (1,584.5 million shares*$25.51) million in December 2012. News Corporation repurchased capital stock of $4.6 billion in the year ended June 2012. The company is planning to repurchase another $5 billion share from the market next year. This repurchase will definitely improve the profitability in the long. EPS will improve significantly together with ROCE. Since the capital employed will decrease by the heavy amount and there is no serious decline is expected in the profit. However, market capitalization will also decrease since the number of outstanding shares will decline. The company took initiative to make the growth rate faster. The major work was done on the Cable Network Programming. This proved to be the most important factor of the growth in 2011. Due to this growth the company was able to achieve growth of 22% in four quarters of the financial year 2011. This growth also resulted in higher earnings per share and high operating profit I every segment in 2011. Limited Brands The company repurchased shares amounting to $1.190 billion. Due to this repurchase the dividend per share was increased from $0.6 per share in 2009 to $3.8 per share in 2011. Earnings per share have also increased due to this reason. This repurchase has not

Concepts and Definitions in Operational Management

Concepts and Definitions in Operational Management Question 1: Answer: OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT Operational management refers to managing the operations of an organization. Managing the operations means to manage the resources and follow the policies and procedures of any organization. The basic and most important operation of management is to process the inputs into outputs to get desired results. The meaning of operational management contains words i.e. resources, systems, conversion or transformation and outputs. (Business) These words can be explained as :- RESOURCESResources are the man, material and money in the organization. Man or staff is the major or key requirement in an organization. Material is also very important because without availability of material production cannot be possible. And money or capital is required for hiring staff and for purchasing the raw material so that the raw material can be converted into finished products through production. SYSTEMS There is a system which every company has to follow. Every organization has some policies and procedures which helps the organization to achieve their goals and helps in profit maximization. If the work done in an organization is according to the plan then it helps in attaining the goal of the company. Planning is the first and important step of management. Without planning no other function can be performed in an organization. CONVERSION Conversion means converted the inputs (i.e. the raw material) into outputs (i.e. finished goods). In an organization raw material can be converted into work in progress and then into finished goods. When the material is transformated from inputs to outputs then this process is known as productivity. OUTPUTS Outputs are the final results which each organization gets after conversion of inputs into finished products. If the value of outputs is greater than the cost of inputs used then we can say that the value is added to product hence the output helps in increasing profits of company. (outputs) THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF OPERATIONS :- CUSTOMER SATISFACTIONThe basic objective of operating systems is to satisfy the customers by giving them better products at low cost and by giving them better services than other companies . Consumers can be satisfied if the products are not too costly and available on time. (Understanding operations management) RESOURCE UTILISATIONAnother major objective of operating systems is to utilize resources for the satisfaction of customer wants effectively. Customer service must be provided with the achievement of effective operations through efficient use of resources. Inefficient use of resources or inadequate customer service leads to commercial failure of an operating system. EFFICIENCY Another objective of operational management is efficiency. Efficiency is must in every organization .Higher efficiency helps in less wastage of resources. If the resources are not wasted then it will lead to less per unit cost of production. Efficiency helps in specialization of staff. QUALITY Quality is also another important objective of operational management. Every customer wants a product which is very good in quality and also with less cost. Quality helps in satisfying the customers and if the customer is satisfied then effective relation can be build between consumers and organization. ADAPTABILITY if the quantity and quality of the product is upto the mark and also the price of the product is affordable then that product is survived in long run that means the product helps for future survival of the company. Question 2: Answer:   Production means step-by-step conversion of raw material into work in progress and from work in progress into finished goods. Production is an important and essential function of any organization. Without doing production no organization can survive or remain existing. CLASSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMProduction systems can be classified as Job-shop, Batch, Mass and Continuous production systems. Job-Shop Production: When only one product or a few quantity of products are manufactured and the product which are produced is as per the specification given by the customers then that type of production is known as Job shop production. (products-services) Advantages: It helps in availability of more variety of products. It helps in improving the skills of the employees. More creative ideas of employees can be used in this method of production system. Limitations More staff is required as the productiin is few. High time consumed in less production. Production planning is complicated. More wastage of resources resulting in higher per unit cost of production. Batch Production : When the production is done in lots or batches then this productionis known as batch production. In this type of production the lots are not producing continuously but in limited quantity. (production-system) Advantages Cost per unit is low. Batch production helps in job satisfaction.   It helps in better utilization of resources. It requires low investments for production as the production is not done in bulk quantity. Limitations Handling of material is very difficult. More material is required hence more wastage of resources. Mass Production : When the production is done in bulk quantity and continuous then that type of production is known as mass production. In this type of production the machines are arranged in a line. Advantages Per unit cost of every production is low. Less time is consumed in producing bulk quantity. With less material quantity higher production can be done. Mass production helps in less wastage of resources.   Limitations Mass production requires higher investments and resources. If the machine used in producing bulk quantity is damaged or breakdown then whole production line will be stopped. Continuous Production : When the production is done continuously   i.e. the production starts from using the raw material and ends with finished products. This type of production is done when the handling of material is fully automated. (continuous-production-system) Advantages Less time is consumed in producing more units. It helps in more utilization of available resources. It helps in less wastage of resources. Per unit cost is low in continuous production. Disadvantages It requires very high investment. If manufacturer want to do any change in any product then it is not posdible. Question 3: After critically evaluating the key operational levers, discuss which can be applied to management of service operations of Ryanair for the proactive management of customer experience. [ 15 Marks] Answer:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is a lever? levers are initiatives that a client can undertake in order to drive the desired impact.   There is usually a limitless number of things a company can consider trying in order to improve their business. (Industry week) Five key levers to productivity improvement every day There are Five key levers for every day improvement. These levers can be explained as : 1. Cost structure Cost structure is a method of determine how much it will cost a company to manufacture a product and how much profit will be recognized from manufacturing a product. It is very important to structure or manage the cost. So that the per unit cost of a product decreases and profit from that product increases. If the cost of the final output is more than the cost of the input then it can be said that the value is added to the product. 2. Organization of work In any organization if the working of the organization is according to the plans and policies then this also helps in better utilization of resources and helps in achieving of organizational goals. This helps in restructuring of an organization. (aggregate-sales-and-operations-planning) 3. Business processes Business process is a collection of related structured activities that produce a specific product for a particular customer. This lever contains work as a team and if the employees of the company are worked together without any chaos then it helps in improving the position of business because it is very important for every organization to work in cordinating with the employees. 4. Knowledge management Knowledge management means managing the knowledge and information of an organization. Knowledge management helps in improving the performance of the company. With this lever an organization can do more innovations results in providing better products to consumers than their competitives. It also helps in continuous improvement of the organization. 5. Information Technology (IT) It is the application of computers to store,study and manipulate the data or information of the business. Business need to take charge of this lever and starts IT in its process. IT helps in storing and saving the data or information of any enterprise and that information can be used whenever it is required. This will help in reducing paper work in the organization. CONCLUSION There are several levers which helps in improving everyday business works. These levers has to be integrated into business as soon as possible to drive the desired impact. These levers helps in achieving of organization objectives efficiently and effectively and improves the working of the organization. References aggregate-sales-and-operations-planning. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://museum-madness.blogspot.co.nz/2011/12/aggregate-sales-and-operations-planning.html Business. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/business/textbooks/boundless-business-textbook/operations-management-10/introduction-to-operations-management-69/a-study-of-process-328-7195/: https://www.boundless.com/business/textbooks/boundless-business-textbook/operations-management-10/introduction-to-operations-management-69/a-study-of-process-328-7195/ continuous-production-system. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://kalyan-city.blogspot.co.nz/2012/02/types-of-continuous-production-system.html Industry week. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.industryweek.com/growth-strategies/levers-mastering-margins outputs. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.open.edu/openlearn/money-management/management/leadership-and-management/understanding-operations-management/content-section-3.3 production-system. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://kalyan-city.blogspot.co.nz/2012/02/what-is-production-system-definition.html products-services. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.archives.gov/preservation/products/definitions/products-services.html Understanding operations management. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.open.edu/openlearn/money-management/management/leadership-and-management/understanding-operations-management/content-section-3.4

Cervantes Motivation for Writing Don Quixote Essay -- Biography Biogr

Cervantes' Motivation for Writing Don Quixote  Ã‚   Miguel de Cervantes' greatest literary work, Don Quixote, maintains an enduring, if somewhat stereotypical image in the popular culture: the tale of the obsessed knight and his clownish squire who embark on a faith-driven, adventure-seeking quest. However, although this simple premise has survived since the novel's inception, and spawned such universally known concepts or images as quixotic idealism and charging headlong at a group of "giants" which are actually windmills, Cervantes' motivation for writing Don Quixote remains an untold story. Looking at late fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century Spain from the viewpoint of a Renaissance man, Cervantes came to dislike many aspects of the age in which he lived, and decided to satirize what he saw as its failings; however, throughout the writing of what would become his most famous work, Cervantes was torn by a philosophical conflict which pervaded the Renaissance and its intellectuals--the clash of faith and reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Cervantes began writing Don Quixote, the most direct target of his satirical intentions was the chivalric romance. He makes this aim clear in his own preface to the novel, stating that "..[his] sole aim in writing..is to invalidate the authority, and ridicule the absurdity of those books of chivalry, which have, as it were, fascinated the eyes and judgment of the world, and in particular of the vulgar.† Immediately after the beginning of the novel, he demonstrates some of the ridiculous and unbelievable writing of these books: as Alonso Quixano--the man who decides to become the knight Don Quixote, after going mad from reading too many of these romances--sits in his study, tirelessly poring over his belo... ...r (Magill 330). In Part II of the novel, however, Don Quixote becomes less of a sadly comic figure, and more heroic (331) after he stoically faces down a lion, leading Sancho to change his master’s previous title--†Knight of the Rueful Countenance†--to â€Å"Knight of the Lions†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the tale told in Don Quixote, the account of an idealist who embarks on a seemingly impossible quest to rid society of injustice, â€Å"[has] assumed archetypal importance for what [it reveals] of the human mind and emotions (Person 81),† there is another story which remains hidden between the pages of the novel: what was Cervantes’ original intent in writing, and how that simple goal--a humorous parody of chivalric romances--eventually led to the literary embodiment of a tremendous philosophical debate: whether to let the perception of truth be dominated by faith, or by reason.   

Study On Child Focused Practice

All the instructors in the assorted schools have the duty of supplying a safe environment for the kids that are in their several schools even as they carry out their primary end of educating them. This is a state of affairs where the instructors will be in a place to maintain themselves safe while besides maintaining the kids safe. Child focused pattern has two chief components. First, the act is founded on a kid focussed belief that all the kids have the right to safe transition during their childhood and besides the right to turn up in an environment that is safe. Second, the public assistance and demands of the kid are the cardinal elements and the cardinal focal point of pattern. The instructors in this instance should hence hold equal professional cognize how and experience in order to supply the best attention possible to the kids. It is hence really of import that the disposal in a school ensures that the instructors have equal cognition and preparation in the country of kid f ocussed pattern so as to guarantee that the kids in the school are in an environment that is contributing for larning. It is even of import for the instructors themselves because they will be in a place to be able to associate good with the scholars in general. Many scholars particularly the immature 1s look up to their instructors as function theoretical account or as responsible people whom they may desire to emulate. The instructors should guarantee that they have the proper preparation in order to supply the most appropriate environment to the kids. This paper will therefore focal point on given an account of what the kid focal point pattern is and why it is built-in to being a instructor. Bing kid focused leads to an environment where the experience of the kid is the most important and the instructors and scholars are judged harmonizing to the results and larning procedures of the kid. They are both important and hence they should be given equal attending because of otherwise it will non be helpful. The instructor being learner focussed agencies that he/she acknowledges the significance of cognition and of the kid. However the focal point is on the kid as a scholar and the acquisition procedure. Where instructor concentrates on the kids and the acquisition procedure and he/she integrates that with their cognition, category and school organisation that will take to the highest grade of accomplishment and motive for scholars, that is what being kid focused is about ( McCombs & A ; Whisler, 1997 ) . Making an appropriate environment for larning involves values. The values are by and large cosmopolitan but they differ in some countries or states due to the difference in civilizations and norms. The values are what that affairs and they shape the instruction pattern. If what really affairs is non clear or what the jurisprudence shapers think affairs is non in line with what affairs to the scholars or instructors so the environment suffers. Child focused pattern besides has a relationship with beliefs, characters, patterns and features of instructors. The single instructor will hence hold an influence on the result of the pattern. Where the instructor does non believe that the pattern is appropriate for the kids, the instructor will most likely neglect it or pattern it shoddily ( McCombs & A ; Whisler, 1997 ) . Teachers who base their patterns on the kid focused attack have some alone features. Such instructors will acquire the scholars involved in doing the determinations refering what and how they are to larn and how the appraisal of that acquisition should be conducted ( Crick, 2006 ) . The relationship of the instructor and the scholars is of import because they will experience that they comfortable in that environment. Such instructors besides value the different positions of the assorted scholars and do non eschew down any of the scholars. It is of import that the instructors encourage the kids to portion their sentiments for them to experience that they are in a safe environment. This is a manner that the instructor can demo the kids that he/she attentions about them and their positions. Teachers who are focused on the kids have regard and accept the difference in the background, abilities, involvements, and experiences of the assorted scholars ( Crick, 2006 ) . This is of import because the instructors will be in a place to appreciate each and every kid merely as he or she is. It is of import that the instructor has a clear apprehension of the different kids because it even determines how such a instructor will turn to the kids separately. Respect is of import because the instructor will merely acquire it from the kids if she/he respects them excessively. The instructors should besides see the scholars to be their spouses in the acquisition and learning procedure ( Crick, 2006 ) . The instructor should non try to travel entirely but should instead indulge the kids in the patterns. Such features are of instructors who have the proper cognition and apprehension of what it means to be child focussed and those are the instructors who create a good environment for the in struction and acquisition to take topographic point expeditiously. Focus on the kids allows the immature scholars to incite their ain acquisition. Through this, the instructor is able to concentrate on the kid and it puts accent on emotional and cognitive growing. Child focused acquisition is based on the criterions of major educational research workers and child psychologists. In a schoolroom that is child focussed, the kids will be allowed to originate their ain acquisition by taking the activities that they are interested in. they are allowed to work on their ain to detect their potency without being directed as to what they should make. This will besides let the kids to originate their ain acquisition in ways that are easy for them.to understand. They will take their ain acquisition manners by themselves. The assorted kids in a schoolroom learn in their ain alone ways and there is no manner in which they can all larn every bit through the usage of a common attack to all ( Crick, 2006 ) . A kid focussed schoolroom is comprised of much acquisition by manner of playing. This is why it is really apparent that this sort of acquisition is used at the really early phases of larning. It is of import the kids play together with their equals so that they grow socially. There is besides the publicity emotional development in a kid focused environment where emotional look and ego assurance are encouraged. It is of import that the instructors understand the significance of drama and particularly to the really immature kids. This is of import because the instructors will so be in a place to promote the kids to play therefore advancing larning. The instructors should move as facilitators instead than teachers. They should be at that place merely to steer the kids instead that state them what to make. This is because in such an environment the kids are supposed to be encouraged to originate their ain acquisition. The instructor should besides be involved in giving a proper organisat ion and construction in the schoolroom and go forth the kids to research their ain potency ( Hersh, 2009 ) . The construction of the schoolroom in a kid focused attack should besides be different. It can be done by administering the scholars otherwise in the schoolroom harmonizing to their accomplishments and involvements. The kids can be divided into multi age groups or larning communities. This will assist the kids in a certain group to turn together and assist each other because they will likely hold better apprehension among themselves. Due to the fluctuation in the ability of the scholars, the manner in which that they are assessed can besides be customized to the pupil undertakings. The instructors will hence hold to follow flexible rubrics and other methods that may even be informal ( Hersh, 2009 ) . The instructors have the duty of guaranting that the kids in their several schools develop in the best manner possible and accomplish the best result. The instructors play a large function in guaranting that the kids learn in a proper environment for the result to be desirable. The kid focused pattern by instructors ensures that the kids initiate their ain acquisition. The instructors should hold equal cognition and apprehension of the pattern in order to use it in the most effectual mode. The beliefs and values of the instructors will hold an consequence on the impact that the pattern will hold on the kids. The instructor should besides be in a place to esteem and understand the different backgrounds, abilities, involvements, and experiences of the assorted scholars.

J.B.

J.B. Jeremy Wayne Brown 705 Hacker Dr.London, KY 40741 Home Phone (606) 864-3586 EDUCATION 1997-2000 University of Tennessee Sociology/Criminology Concentration 3.0 GPA 2000-2001 University of Georgia Sociology/Criminal Justice Concentration 2.9 GPA 2001-2002 Eastern Kentucky University Working for Bachelor of Arts in Sociology Financed 85% of education through baseball scholarship and part-time work Spent 40 or more hours a week with baseball related activities (practice, workouts, meetings, etc..) EMPLOYMENT 1996-1997 The Video Link, Sales Clerk London, KY Utilized my personal skills in the selling of Video's, VCR's, games and inventory.1997-1998 Regency Cinema 7 London, KY Ticket Salesman, Usher, Concessions. As one of the most trusted employees, I was in charge of ticket sales, concessions, inventory and ushering.1999-2000 Allied Van Lines Cleveland, Ohio Responsible for inventory, loading trucks and website layout for the company 2001-2002 Professional Baseball Pitcher, Minnesota Twi ns I am responsible for keeping the opposing team at bay when on the pitchers mound while at the same time keeping my composure and representing the Minnesota Twins.Bert Blyleven in 2008

Grenner Pastures the Launch of StaGreen by HydroCan Company

Grenner Pastures the Launch of StaGreen by HydroCan Company Executive Summary HydroCan Company has been in operation for about one year. The company has come up with an innovative product known as StaGreen, which aims to address the environmental and cost needs in the two markets of USA and Canada. However, given that the company is relatively knew in the market, it has found the process of entering the market more challenging and somehow complex.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Grenner Pastures the Launch of StaGreen by HydroCan Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This dilemma has forced the company to seek consultancy services in order to provide key strategic ways and recommendations for the way forward. As a result, Stone Age Marketing Consultants has been able to carry out market research and analysis and identified key characteristics of the market, which the company can explore before settling on the appropriate market. Moreover, the aim of the market researc h has been to identify and recommend the appropriate entry strategy, given that the company is new and is likely to face stiff competition from established companies. Therefore, the report provides critical steps towards HydroCan Company introducing its innovative product in the market. Background HydroCan Company is one year old and its owners include four agricultural engineers and one accountant. The company has intentions of operating and serving in both USA and Canada’s markets. As a result, in the recent past, the company has been involved in obtaining patents in both markets for a new type of lawn-care product. The new product the company intends to introduce in to the market is known as StaGreen. The new product is applied to grasses and when this happens, it enables the roots system of grass to retain water longer. This reduces the need for both extra watering and frequent fertilizing. The owners of the company are much more ambitious on introducing the product to th e market. Although they have a wonderful product for the market, the owners of HydroCan Company seem to have no idea about the best way to introduce the product to the market. They are mixed-up with regard to which particular market segment they should concentrate on and introduce the product to, how the new product can be positioned in the market, and also what best launch strategy can be used to introduce the product in the market more successful. This confusion is further made complex to due to presence of numerous competitors in the market, which the company has to contend with and subsequently, design appropriate marketing strategies in order to achieve competitive advantage over them. In this regard, the HydroCan Company owners have sought services of Stone Age Marketing Consultants, who are accredited marketing consultants and the company hopes to achieve the best form of advice in terms of launching and introducing the product to the market successful.Advertising Loo king for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Statement of Problems HydroCan Company is faced with a challenging and complex situation regarding introduction of StaGreen product into the market. At the same time, the company does not have a clear idea on how to market the product, both in USA and Canada. This problem is compounded by the fact that the owners of the company and subsequent product to be introduced do not have defined and clears knowledge about the market for the product. Two major markets exist in the two countries, which the product can be sold or introduced to. The two markets structures have divided the management team as to which is the appropriate one given the position, nature, and ability of the company in its current form. The two major target markets the company has potential in include consumer lawn and garden market, as well as commercial lawn and garden market. The two markets are totally different from each other, with diverse and unrelated characteristics. The two markets therefore require different launch strategies in selecting the appropriate market segment. The company’s CEO, Gary Gillis, favors and wants the company to target consumer lawn and garden market, while Carla Humphreys prefers the commercial lawn and garden market. The two top managers of the company seem to be determined in having their choices adopted by the company, and it is from this strong conviction of the two that marketing consultants have to be involved in determining which is the best strategy to adopt for the new product. At this point, it can be stated that, the primary problems of the company revolve around finding the best marketing strategy and the appropriate market in which to introduce the new product for the company. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy for the launch of StaGreen has to be developed and this will see successful introduction of the produ ct in the market. Situation Analysis The product to be launched has been described as similar in appearance to most brands of common lawn fertilizer. In fact, StaGreen has been categorized as chemical fertilizer but with distinct special characteristics, which make it superior to other available fertilizers. For instance, the major benefit that has been associated with the product is its ability and effect on the root system of most of the common types of grasses used for lawns. The product is manufactured in such a way that it has small pellets that are attached to roots, which enable attraction and retention of moisture. With these superior features, laboratory tests have been conducted on the product and indicated capacity to reduce the manual watering on most types of grass by up to 40%. As a result, the product is perceived by company managers to have the ability of attracting high demand from consumers. In order to find out the viability of the two markets and associated finan cial implications, the marketing consultants carried out a detailed study and analysis of the two markets.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Grenner Pastures the Launch of StaGreen by HydroCan Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consumer lawn and garden market The first market concerns the consumer lawn and garden market. According to the findings generated for this particular type of market, it was established that majority of Canada consumers of lawn products spent an accumulated amount of about $2.3 billion in this market. Break-down of the figures in the consumer lawn and garment market show that consumers spend $945 millions to buy grass, trees and plants, $620 million on lawn maintenance, and in this case, fertilizer accounted for 52% of the total amount. Others include $815 million on hand tools, pots, window boxes, books, magazines, and landscaping services. As a result, these figures point to the im portance attached to gardening by majority of Canadians. On the other hand, lawn care in the country is perceived to be highly seasonal business, where 70% of business sales take place in the second and third fiscal quarters (April to September). The finding also postulate that, if the company was to target and venture into this kind of market, then it will largely compete with fertilizers, and that this market segment is highly competitive, with top two firms being Scotts Co. and Ortho Chemicals. These two companies have a control power of about 50% of this market segment. Moreover, the market leader in this market segment is the Scotts Co., which has established two strong market brands known as Turf Builder and Miracle-Gro. At the same time, Ortho’s products together with those of Turf Builder are priced competitively and have an added value, whereby, there is inclusion of pesticides within the fertilizer, and this has been seen to prevent most common lawn infestations. Fu rther research in this market segment shows that, 40% of consumers in the market have no concrete brand preferences, a situation likely to see them shift loyalty as far as brands are concerned. As a result, findings show that majority rely largely on in-store advertisements and sales staff for critical information and recommendations. More so, it has been found out that consumers express inability to recall brand name or manufacturer of the fertilizer. Findings also show that Miracle-Gro enjoys high brand name awareness but many consumers associate this brand name with plant foods and not lawn fertilizers. As a result, it has been concluded that, consumer behavior and attitude toward product in this market category have forced manufacturers to rely largely on the strong push strategy. Product sale strategy in this market segment tends to be carried out by three distinct retailers. First there are discount stores that include Canadian Tire, Wal-Mart, and Sears; secondly, there are sp ecialty stores that include nurseries; and thirdly, there are home improvement stores.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discount stores as compared to other stores tend to be popular and most preferred by consumers. For example, estimates show that about 60% of all consumer fertilizer is made in discount stores, a situation that has forced retailers using this type of sale strategy to increase budgetary allocation for their promotion and advertisements. Specialty stores on the other hand have been found to be popular among 30% of consumers, while home improvement stores have been found to control 10% of consumer purchases. Growth of home improvement stores is seen to be on the positive rise, especially due to price concessions and promotion support they get from manufacturers, just like in the case discount stores but unlike specialty stores. In consumer lawn and garden market, the research also establishes that manufacturers spend about 20% of sales on marketing activities. A large part of these monies goes to activities such as sales force, selling in general and also trade promotions. These are th e three main channels through which products in this market segment are sold and for a long time, strong sales force has become the most preferred and appropriate sales strategy. With regard to trade promotions, majority of manufacturers provide in-store literature, displays and sales training. Less important is the advertisement. As such, the product that is perceived to have strong market advertisement initiatives is the Miracle-Gro, which is a heavily advertised brand, and the company (Scotts Co) spends about 4% of sales on advertisement. This therefore may account for the high brand- name awareness for the product. With regard to advertisement in this market segment, it has been recognized that majority of companies run their advertisements for their existing brands and any new brand during spring and early months of summer season. Therefore, advertisement expenditures are in most cases likely to go up during the months of March, April, May, and June, and not at all during other months. Commercial lawn and garden market The second market is the commercial lawn and garden market, which differs a lot from the consumer lawn and garden market. Commercial market is heavily concentrated in the golf sector, and in Canada, this includes about 1800 golf courses. Other relevant and potential areas this market can thrive in include commercial properties that include office complexes and apartment buildings. Nevertheless, golf courses remain the lucrative market in this market segment. The study establishes that, at the moment, there are issues in the golf course sectors, where accusations have increased with regard to perception golf courses are responsible for groundwater pollution, and this is contributed by high and frequent levels of fertilizers used to keep courses green. This perception has forced greater concern in the golf community with concerted efforts to identify and, if possible, adopt the most appropriate strategies that can be used to cut both water an d fertilizers that are used to maintain grass in the golf courses. Golf courses owners spend large amount of money to maintain the courses and approximate estimates shows that, the owners spend up to$300 000 to maintain their golf course during the year. Break-down of the spending shows that, 42% is spent on water use and 24% goes to fertilizer purchases. But in case the golf courses are large, these costs go up and may accumulate to about $800 000. If the StaGreen product was to be accepted by majority of consumers in this market segment, then, the product has ability of reducing water usage by about one-half and fertilizer by one-third. In the recent times, there has been increase in popularity of golf especially after decrease in the 1980s. Some of the factors cited leading to popularity of game include growing number of public courses with reasonable fees, the continued aging of the Canadian population, and also the development of better equipment. These factors have combined an d today, they have contributed to the increase in enthusiasm and popularity of the golf game. Due to this, estimates have shown that the number of golf courses may increase by 22% to about 2200 in a period of five years. In Canada, golf courses are dispersed although regions of British Columbia and Vancouver have high concentration of golf courses. At the moment, majority of golf courses purchase maintenance supplies from wholesalers who specialize in products that are uniquely designed for the type of grasses used. Furthermore, manufacturers of these fertilizers tend to be small firms, or divisions of the larger chemical companies. At the moment, the market share leader in golf course fertilizers is Sierra Horticultural Products, which is a subsidiary of Scotts Company. The biggest competitor of the company in Canadian market is the Nu-Gro Corporation, which is a company based in Ontario since 1992. Compared to firms in the consumer lawn market, companies in commercial lawn market spend only 9% of their sales on marketing activities. Observation made is that, majority of firms in this market segment engage in little advertisement and in most cases prefer to use funds on sales calls to golf courses. Moreover, other strategies used by the companies include: providing free samples of their products to non-users and also concentrate on building solid and long-lasting relationships with course owners. The observation made among the golf course owners is that, majority tend to be loyal to one and specific brands hence it takes a lot of effort to convince them to switch brands. But two situations exist, which may trigger change of consumer behaviors among the golf course owners. First, there is the issue of increasing environmental concern, and public debate over it continues to draw mixed reactions, where majority tend to agree to the growing negative impacts of golf course to groundwater. The understanding is that, chemicals used in golf course pollute groundwater which also involves heavy chemical buildup in the nearby reservoirs. This scenario has even drawn attention of USA Environmental Protection Agency, which admits that the golf course chemicals constitute the major pollutants to groundwater. This in turn has increased negative publicity of golf courses in major media channels in the country. Another issue, which may make golf course owners to change their consumption behavior for a long time is the issue of shrinking profits. Although all indications show the popularity growth of golf and more courses being established, it is clear that the number of golfers that can be accommodated on any one course cannot be expanded. These are factors that are seen to have great potential of challenging loyalty of golf course owners for particular brands and may be forced to look for superior and promising brands. Analysis of Alternatives Two alternatives are presented for the company. First, the company can either adopt the first strategy where i t ventures and concentrates in consumer lawn market or the second option where it ventures and concentrates in the commercial lawn market. The first option has numerous strengths and weaknesses. For example, strengths of the first choice include the fact that it is the largest market and products are likely to be sold easily and at faster rate. At the same time, there is no strong brand loyalty, and consumers tend to shift loyalty easily and at faster rate. As a result, the company can easily endeavor to the hearts of consumers, hence making penetration effort in the market more easy. Furthermore, in consumer lawn market, the pricing strategy varies, a situation that can help the company to initiate a price strategy that endeavors well to majority of customers in the market. Also, the sale of smaller quantities in consumer market is likely to see faster movement of product, and this may eliminate the need for inventories, hence reduction in costs of maintenance. But, at same time, w eakness of this market segment, especially with regard to HydroCan is that, the company is new, and toppling some of the established names in the market may not be an easy task. This will require the company to increase its advertisement and promotion budget. Moreover, the product the company aims to produce in the market is less known and its key features are not well captured and conceptualized in the population. This therefore may not arouse the much needed enthusiasm in the market about the product. Hence, this may require the company to increase its advertisement and promotion activities, a situation that may be expensive. Furthermore, it has to be known that the consumer market is largely seasonal and consumers only buy during particular months (April-September), an aspect that may not auger well with the company’s returns on the investment. Furthermore, success in this market require strong market push strategy, and this for new comers may not be possible or appropriat e, given their overall financial and resource constraints. A strong market push strategy may require extensive advertisement, increased and intensified sales, and also increased promotion activities. With regard to commercial lawn and general market, opportunities of this market type are presented in the fact that the game of golf is gaining popularity currently. This has seen increase in the establishment of new golf courses, and this may be the opportunity to be exploited by the company. Moreover, with increase in the aging population and improvement of equipment, there is perception that the golf game is gaining more demand, and it may provide an opportune market for the new products. Another great opportunity lies in the fact that, golf courses have come under heavy criticisms due to ability of courses to pollute groundwater. Environmentalists and government watch agencies in the matters of environment have identified golf courses as major contributors to groundwater pollution. This has not augured well with majority of owners, who have no option but to look for new types and forms of fertilizers that guarantee sustainability of the environment. Furthermore, StaGreen as product has been experimented and found to provide solutions to various problems currently experienced in the golf courses with regard to environment. Hence, the company can successfully use this opportunity and introduce its product to course owners who are likely to embrace the product if found to be suitable. The challenge with this type of market segment has to do with high levels of consumer loyalty to one and specific brands. Unlike in consumer lawn markets, commercial lawn market is characterized by strong brand loyalty, which makes it difficulty to convince consumers to shift or change their consumer behaviors. Furthermore, sales strategies in this market segment move away from the convectional ones, while advertisement and promotion may not pay a lot in this market segment. But on overall, the identified issues of shrinking profits and environmental concerns may be the biggest reason for this kind of market to be penetrated by new entrants. Recommendations The first step towards identifying the appropriate market segment for a new product include identifying the customers and understanding the consumption needs and wants of the consumers (Hartline, 2010). This is especially important given that products are designed and introduced to the market with the aim of serving and satisfying the varied body of consumers available in the market. Therefore, HydroCan Company can establish the needs of consumers in the two markets and explore whether the products meet the threshold of satisfying consumers’ needs (Narayanan and O’Connor, 2009). In doing so, the company needs to introduce sample products in identified stores (Chaston, 1999), both for the consumer lawn market and commercial lawn market. In this way, the company should initiate another research to establish product acceptance among consumers in the two markets before having a final say on which market to have greater concentration or specialization (Rainey, 2005). Also, timing of the product with regard to launch is important, and the company should launch when the demand for the products (fertilizers) is high (Lyikoey and Qvist, 2006; Avlonitis and Papastathopoulou, 2006). Another recommendation is that, given the conditions and characteristics in both markets, it is appropriate for HydroCan Company to venture in both markets but make every effort to respond uniquely to the needs of each market. For example, in consumer lawn market, the company can increase advertisement and promotion of the product, especially by emphasizing on key and unique features of the product as opposed to competitor products. The emphasis should be on the environment benefits and suitability of the product as compared to other available products from competitors. In this regard, the company needs more demonstrations about the product to varied groups of customers to convince them about the suitability of the product. This should be followed by establishment of front-shops in major strategic areas that can be used for experimentation and demonstration of the product. With regard to commercial lawn market, the company can utilize the existing issues in the golf course and make some significant penetrations. For example, the company can adopt marketing strategies that reflect demonstration, free samples, and reduced prices in order to give owners of courses a chance to test the product. With many improvements and more consumers showing interest in the product, the company can in turn increase availability of the product to more consumers. The point of importance here is that, more sales calls should be conducted and the company should concentrate on building a strong customer base that is loyal. Conclusion The report was as a result of request by HydroCan Company, which intend s to launch a new product but has no information or knowledge about the market. Hence, Stone Age Marketing Consultants are invited to provide consultancy. The report provides a detailed analysis of the market and business environment, which confronts HydroCan Company. From this, it has been found out that companies of new products, which are relatively new in the market, face numerous challenges when introducing new products. These challenges are compounded by competition from established firms. Nevertheless, the analysis and recommendations provide a clear roadmap, which HydroCan Company can adopt in order to launch its product. However, more research work is needed, especially with regard to movement and performance of the product in the market. References Avlonitis, G. J. Papastathopoulou, P. (2006). Product and Services Management. NY: SAGE Press. Chaston, I. (1999). New Marketing Strategies: Evolving Flexible Processes to Fit Market Circumstances. NY: SAGE. Hartline, F. O. (20 10). Marketing Strategy. OH: Cengage Learning. Lyikoey, G. Qvist, K. (2006). The Timing of New Product Launch. Berlin, Germany: GRIN Verlag. Narayanan, V. K., O’Connor, G. C. (2009). Encyclopedia of Technology and Innovation Management. MA: John Wiley and Sons. Rainey, D. L. (2005). Product Innovation: Leading Change through Integrated Product Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Natural disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Natural disasters - Essay Example In the light of this, we shall assess the discrepancies in heads like frequency of these various disasters in two regions of the US, Los Angeles and Oklahoma City and deaths caused by these disasters. Moreover we shall look upon the measures taken by the respective governments for the natural disasters and how it differs. Comparison of rehabilitation process and Insurance coverage aftermath of these disasters in these regions shall also be discussed. The Northridge earthquake occurred on January 17, 1994 at 4:31 AM Pacific Standard Time in the city of Los Angeles, California. The earthquake had a magnitude of 6.7, but the ground acceleration was the highest ever instrumentally recorded in an urban area in North America.(1) Seventy-two people died as a result of the earthquake and over 11,000 were injured. In addition, the earthquake caused an estimated $12.5 billion in damage, making it one of the costliest natural disasters in U.S. history. An earthquake emerged in Sylmar, a surrounding region of Los Angeles and hit the Greater Los Angeles and California caused the fatalities of 67 and overall damage of $ 5, 000, 00,000.(2) About a dozen earthquakes have been felt in Oklahoma City. ... The most notable and largest of these occurred on 1952 April 09. This earthquake was centered between El Reno and Minco in Canadian Co.Its magnitude was 5.50. Moreover an earthquake of a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Northridge Earthquake Southern California Earthquake Data Center, October 6, 2006 2. abc7. com Anniversary of Deadly Northridge Quake.. 2007-07-08. 2 magnitude 2.2 was felt in scattered locations in Oklahoma City and Edmond and surrounding area. Oklahoma City has faced another earthquake (Oklahoma Earthquake) on 16 December 2001 whose origin time was 08:21:42 UTC/GMT and Latitude and Longitude were 35.643degrees N, 95.571degrees W respectively had its depth 5.0 km. and its magnitude was 2.2 m3HZ (3) Tornado Okalahoma city It's generally defined as the area of the United States in which tornadoes are most frequent. When high frequency of strong and violent tornadoes (F2 or stronger on the Fujita scale) and relative consistency of the season from year to year are used as criteria, tornado alley would include northern Texas, most of Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska, as well as eastern portions of Colorado and South Dakota.The tornadoes that hit Oklahoma City and the surrounding area on May 3, 1999, had the fastest winds ever recorded on the planet: 318 miles per hour. The number of people who died from this disaster, were 44.The overall damage was $1, 500, 000,000.(4) Los Angeles With 42 tornadoes, Los Angeles County ranks as the tornado capital of the state, five of which was ranked as

International Arbitration in Arab States Dissertation

International Arbitration in Arab States - Dissertation Example The primary data consist of statutes and cases providing direct evidence of the arbitration law and practices. Secondary data consist of textbooks, journal articles, and other publications relevant to international commercial arbitration, and arbitration in the Arab Middle East. Research results indicate that Islamic law has significant influence on attitudes, laws and practices relative to arbitration and international arbitration in the Arab Middle East. However, while Egypt and Jordan have made significant progress in modernizing their arbitration laws to accommodate increased international trade, Saudi Arabia, the most conservative Islamic state in the region is struggling to make these accommodations. Although a new law is currently underway in Saudi Arabia, its future is uncertain given the long history of ambivalence toward international commercial arbitration informed by unsatisfactory experiences highlighted by the ARAMCO decision in 1958. Despite Egypt’s progress it has also recently taken a step backward with the Ministry of Justices Decree of 2008. This Decree mandates that all arbitral awards are reviewed in secrecy by the Ministry of Justice.... 90; Elsaman, 2011, p. 8). Globalization has also increased the extent to which all states interact with one another in international commerce and international trade. As a result, states recognizing the inadequacy of domestic courts to deal with international commercial disputes have increasingly turned to international commercial arbitration as a more feasible method of resolving domestic disputes. However, according to Gemmell (2006), due to Islamic traditions and influences, the Islamic Middle East which is largely the Arab Middle East has not fully embraced a modern system of international commercial arbitration (p. 169). Of particular concern is the fact that although arbitration is consistent with Islamic tradition, enforcing international commercial arbitral awards in the Arab Middle East can be problematic. A number of national courts in the Arab Middle East, particularly Islamic courts have been averse to enforcing international commercial arbitral awards on the grounds that the award is inconsistent with public policies or more particularly, Islamic law and traditions (Elsaman, 2011, p. 8). This is arguably a loophole facilitated by international commercial arbitration itself. The New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, 1958 (hereinafter the New York Convention) permits member states to refuse enforcement of an award if it is found to be contrary to public policy (New York Convention, Article V(2)(b)). Complicating matters, the New York Convention does not define the phrase public policy. International commercial arbitration in the Arab Middle East is largely influenced by Islamic law and traditions more broadly known as Sharia compliant laws and traditions (Kutty, 2006, p. 566). Sharia in this regard